Perfil Sociodemográfico e Clínico de Pessoas com Estomia por Causa Oncológica: Estudo Observacional / Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile of People With a Stoma Due to Oncological Cause: Observational Study / Perfil Sociodemográfico y Clínico de las Personas con Estoma de Causa Oncológica: Estudio Observacional

Introdução:O câncer é causado por mutações celulares anormais. O câncer de cólon e reto ocupa a segunda posição no ranking de incidências no Brasil. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de pessoas com estomia por causa oncológica no estado do Ceará. Método: Estudo epidemiológico, observacional, longitudinal com abordagem retrospectiva, realizado no Ceará, em prontuários de pacientes acompanhados pelo Serviço de Atenção ao Paciente com Estomia. Resultado: Foram analisados 655 prontuários, dos quais a maioria dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino (53%), idosos (61,41%), aposentados e pensionistas (46,9%), casados (42%), com filhos (67,9%), cuja escolaridade predominante foi o fundamental (34,2%); 72,8% não possuíam comorbidades, não utilizaram quimioterapia (54,5%), colostomia (64,7%), terminal (65,3%), definitiva (46%), em quadrante inferior esquerdo (52,5%), vermelha (64,4%), ovalado (47,2%), baixo perfil (44,6%) e pastoso (33,9%), utilizavam bolsa de uma peça (60,6%), com uma média de 10 bolsas mensalmente (95%), realizando troca de 3 a 5 dias (43,1%), sem a necessidade de uso de adjuvantes (71%). Conclusão: Um perfil dos pacientes deve ser traçado, a fim de melhorar a assistência e planejamento das ações a esse público.

Introduction:Cancer is caused by abnormal cell mutations. Colon and rectum cancer occupies the second position in the ranking of incidences in Brazil. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of people with an ostomy due to cancer in the state of Ceará. Method: Epidemiological, observational, longitudinal study with a retrospective approach, carried out in Ceará, in medical records of patients monitored by the Service of Attention to the Patient with Stoma. Result: A total of 655 medical records were analyzed, in which most of the patients were female (53%), elderly (61.41%), retired and pensioner (46.9%), married (42%), with children (67.9%), whose predominant schooling was elementary school (34.2%); 72.8% had no comorbidities, did not use chemotherapy (54.5%), colostomy (64.7%), terminal (65.3%), definitive (46%), in the lower left quadrant (52.5%) , red (64.4%), oval (47.2%), low profile (44.6%) and pasty (33.9%), used a one-piece bag (60.6%), with an average of 10 bags monthly (95%), changing every 3 to 5 days (43.1%), without the need to use adjuvants (71%). Conclusion: A profile of patients should be drawn in order to improve assistance and planning of actions for this public.

Introducción:El cáncer es causado por mutaciones celulares anormales. El cáncer de colon y recto ocupa la segunda posición en el ranking de incidencias en Brasil. Objetivo: Describir el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de las personas con estoma por cáncer en el Estado de Ceará. Método: Estudio epidemiológico, observacional, longitudinal con abordaje retrospectivo, realizado en Ceará, en prontuarios de pacientes acompañados por el Servicio de Atención al Paciente con Estoma. Resultado: Se analizaron 655 prontuarios, la mayoría del sexo femenino (53%), adulto mayor (61,41%), jubilado y pensionado (46,9%), casado (42%), con hijos (67,9%), cuya escolaridad predominante fue la primaria. (34,2%). El 72,8 % no tenía comorbilidades, no usaba quimioterapia (54,5 %), colostomía (64,7 %), terminal (65,3 %), definitiva (46 %), en cuadrante inferior izquierdo (52,5 %), rojo (64,4 %), ovalado (47,2 %), bajo perfil (44,6 %) y pastoso (33,9 %), usaba bolsa de una sola pieza (60,6 %), con un promedio de 10 bolsas mensuales (95 %), cambiando cada tres a cinco días (43,1 %), sin necesidad de utilizar adyuvantes (71%). Conclusión: Debe elaborarse un perfil de pacientes para mejorar la atención y planificación de acciones para este público.

Antibiofilm activity of promethazine, deferiprone, and Manuka honey in an ex vivo wound model.

This study evaluated the antibiofilm activity of promethazine, deferiprone, and Manuka honey against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and ex vivo in a wound model on porcine skin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the effects of the compounds on biofilms were evaluated. Then, counting colony-forming units (CFUs) and confocal microscopy were performed on biofilms cultivated on porcine skin for evaluation of the compounds. For promethazine, MICs ranging from 97.66 to 781.25 µg/ml and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values ranging from 195.31 to 1562.5 µg/ml were found. In addition to reducing the biomass of both species' biofilms. As for deferiprone, the MICs were 512 and >1024 µg/ml, the MBECs were ≥1024 µg/ml, and it reduced the biomass of biofilms. Manuka honey had MICs of 10%-40%, MBECs of 20 to >40% and reduced the biomass of S. aureus biofilms only. Concerning the analyses in the ex vivo model, the compounds reduced (P < .05) CFU counts for both bacterial species, altering the biofilm architecture. The action of the compounds on biofilms in in vitro and ex vivo tests raises the possibility of using them against biofilm-associated wounds. However, further studies are needed to characterize the mechanisms of action and their effectiveness on biofilms in vivo.

Ex vivo wound model on porcine skin for the evaluation of the antibiofilm activity of polyhexamethylene biguanide and ciprofloxacin.

This study aimed to standardize the use of an ex vivo wound model for the evaluation of compounds with antibiofilm activity. The in vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 to ciprofloxacin and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) was evaluated in planktonic and biofilm growth. The effects of ciprofloxacin and PHMB on biofilms grown on porcine skin explants were evaluated by colony-forming unit (CFU) counting and confocal microscopy. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were, respectively, 0.5 and 0.25 µg mL-1 for ciprofloxacin, and 0.78 and 6.25 µg mL-1 for PHMB. Minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were, respectively, 2 and 8 µg mL-1 for ciprofloxacin, and 12.5 and >25 µg mL-1 for PHMB. Ciprofloxacin reduced (P < 0.05) log CFU counts of the biofilms grown ex vivo by 3 and 0.96 for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively, at MBEC, and by 0.58 and 8.12 against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively, at 2xMBEC. PHMB (100 µg/mL) reduced (P < 0.05) log CFU counts by 0.52 for S. aureus and 0.68 log for P. aeruginosa, leading to an overall decrease (P < 0.05) in biofilm biomass. The proposed methodology to evaluate the susceptibility of biofilms grown ex vivo led to reproducible and reliable results.

Virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria from free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis).

Freshwater cetaceans play a significant role as sentinel animals, providing important data on animal species and aquatic ecosystem health. They also may serve as potential reservoirs of emerging pathogens and host virulence genes in their microbiota. In this study, we evaluated virulence factors produced by Gram-negative bacteria recovered from individuals belonging to two populations of free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis). A total of 132 isolates recovered from the oral cavity, blowhole, genital opening and rectum of 21 river dolphins, 13 from Negro River and 8 from Tapajós River, Brazil, were evaluated for the production of virulence factors, such as biofilms and exoproducts (proteases, hemolysins and siderophores), in planktonic and biofilm forms. In planktonic form, 81.1% (107/132) of the tested bacteria of free-ranging Amazon river dolphins were able to produce virulence factors, with 44/132 (33.4%), 65/132 (49,2%) and 54/132 (40,9%) positive for protease, hemolysin and siderophore production, respectively. Overall, 57/132 (43.2%) of the isolates produced biofilms and, under this form of growth, 66/132 (50%), 88/132 (66.7%) and 80/132 (60.6%) of the isolates were positive for protease, hemolysin and siderophore production. In general, the isolates showed a higher release of exoproducts in biofilm than in planktonic form (P < 0.001). The present findings show that Amazon river dolphins harbor potentially pathogenic bacteria in their microbiota, highlighting the importance of monitoring the micro-organisms from wild animals, as they may emerge as pathogens for humans and other animals.

One Health Implications of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria from Amazon River Dolphins.

Studies on the microbiota of freshwater cetaceans are scarce and may provide important data on animal and environmental health. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from two populations of free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis). Twenty-one animals were captured and released, 13 from Negro River and 8 from Tapajós River, Brazil. Swab samples were obtained from the oral cavity, blowhole, genital opening and rectum and were cultured on MacConkey agar. Isolates were biochemically identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion method. Overall, 132 isolates were recovered, of which 71 were recovered from animals from Negro River and 61 from Tapajós River. The most commonly recovered bacterial species were Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, 51.6% (63/122) of the isolates were not-susceptible (intermediate resistance and resistance), of which 28/122 (22.9%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Cephalothin, cefuroxime and cefepime were the drugs to which more resistant and intermediate results were observed (P < 0.001). The results indicate that free-ranging Amazon river dolphins host resistant bacteria, contributing for their maintenance in the environment. This study highlights the importance of the One Health approach to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Summary Gram-negative bacteria recovered from 21 free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) from the Negro River and the Tapajós River populations were evaluated for their antimicrobial susceptibility. Overall, 51.6% (63/122) of the isolates were not-susceptible (intermediate resistance and resistance), of which 28/122 (22.9%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Cephalothin, cefuroxime and cefepime were the drugs to which more resistant and intermediate results were observed. Thus, free-ranging Amazon river dolphins, never treated with antimicrobials, host resistant bacteria, contributing for their maintenance in the environment and highlighting the importance of the One Health approach to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.